Nephrotic Syndrome is one of those conditions that can seem complex at first, but once you understand the basics, it all comes together. Here's a simple breakdown.
What Is Nephrotic Syndrome?
Nephrotic Syndrome is a kidney disorder where the body loses too much protein in the urine. This happens because the glomeruli—tiny filters in the kidneys—become damaged and leaky. Think of it as a coffee filter with holes that's letting the coffee grounds (protein) spill out!
Key Signs and Symptoms
Patients often show signs of fluid imbalance and protein loss:
- Severe swelling (edema)—especially in the legs, ankles, and around the eyes
- Foamy urine (from excess protein)
- Weight gain (from fluid retention)
- Fatigue
- Loss of appetite
Lab tests:
- Proteinuria (protein in the urine)
- Low serum albumin
- High cholesterol and triglycerides (body's way of compensation)
How Is It Treated?
Treatment depends on the cause but often includes:
- Corticosteroids help decrease inflammation and protein loss.
- Diuretics to manage edema
- Statins for high cholesterol
- Anticoagulants if there’s a clotting risk
NCLEX Tip:
On the NCLEX, be sure to recognize the signs of nephrotic syndrome, especially edema and proteinuria.
Be ready to prioritize interventions like managing fluid balance and monitoring for complications like infections and blood clots.